Showing posts with label 1960. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1960. Show all posts

Friday, April 14, 2017

The Entertainer (1960)

Why should I care?

An interesting episode was depicted in the second part of Andrew Marr's History of Modern Britain. In the mid-1950s, a young playwright John Osborne wrote «Look Back in Anger». The play was very successful, but Lawrence Olivier was not too impressed. Afterwards, Arthur Miller visited London and asked Olivier to accompany him to the theater.

After the play, Arthur Miller and Lawrence Olivier went backstage to meet a young playwright. There, astonished Miller saw how Olivier begged Osborne to write something for him. The Great Baron Lawrence Olivier begging some boy! Nonsense! Nevertheless, «The Entertainer» stepped out on the London stage and the shortly thereafter, the film was made.



Great Britain finished the Second World War as a formal winner, but lost its imperial power. Before the 8th of May, 1945 there was the British Empire, but after that there was only Great Britain. For a while, the British ruling class tried to behave like Empire, but the Suez Crisis destroyed all illusions.

«The Entertainer» starts in the first days of the Suez Crisis, The author shows a grey and tired Britain, whose habitants has lost the faith in a future of their country. The more successful are dreaming of immigration, the less successful are trying to speculate on the remains of the Imperial Glory. The film is set in some crisis-struck coastal British town.



«The Entertainer» shows not-so-good adventures of Archie Rice – a fifty-year old music hall artist, who has been avoiding the income tax man for twenty years. Son of a music hall legend, Archie presents a primitive show, which quickly loses its popularity. One day he got the chance – he seduced a young girl, whose wealthy parents are ready to bankroll his new show…

As I have written before, the author portrayed Britain in decline. That is why, the decay of music hall is one of the main themes. Music hall was one of the characteristics of the Edwardian Era – the peak of British glory and power. In the mid-1950s, music hall, along with Britain, was in decline.



Whatever you tell about Margaret Thatcher reforms, her reelection in 1983 was guaranteed by victory in the Falklands War, which gave back the imperial pride to the British. The Suez Crisis also began on a high note. Archie Rice Show is again popular, his father got an invitation for comeback, son of Archie – sergeant in the British Army, - will be soon home.

Despite all of the bravado, in 2017 we know the final of the Suez Crisis. In the first time for many centuries, Britain was subdued by another Empire. The fall would affect every hero of the film. The post-Suez Britain became a satellite of the US. The new values dominated everything, including music hall.



Truly, why should I care, it I lost already.


Watch this films, maybe it will make you think.

Sunday, February 26, 2017

Primary (1960)

Everyone is voting for Jack

During the 1950s, the President of the United States was General Dwight Eisenhower. The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified in 1951. This amendment has set out a term limit for election and overall time of service to the office of President of the United States (eight years, whether consecutive or not).

In 1960, the Republican presumptive presidential nominee was quickly established – Vice President Richard Nixon. On the other hand, the Democrats didn’t have a strong candidate. The Democratic primaries got such candidates as Minnesota senator Hubert Humphrey, ex-Illinois governor Adlai Stephenson, Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson and young Massachusetts senator John Kennedy.

This film depicts the 1960 Wisconsin primary election between John F. Kennedy and Hubert Humphrey. In 2016, we remember John Kennedy as a young and charismatic President, but we don’t take into the account the prejudices of the 1950s America. We cannot understand how America could doubt the candidacy of John Kennedy. But in 1960, John Kennedy was a candidate with lots of flaws. John Kennedy was Irish and Catholic and those groups were ostracized by WASPs as second class citizens and by protestant clergies as not so loyal to the Constitution as to the papal decrees.



All of the pundits thought that the 1960 Wisconsin primary election is closed behind Hubert Humphrey. Wisconsin shared the same border with Minnesota, Hubert Humphrey was a reputed force in the Senate and a lot of local figures have endorsed the Minnesotan. Hubert Humphrey was also the civil rights champion and active proponent of farming subsidies.

In comparison to Hubert Humphrey, John Kennedy got a reputation as a playboy and rich kid, whose daddy has bought him a place in the Congress. Also John Kennedy has missed a lot of the legislative sessions and was not too active in the bill drafting business. Along with above mentioned Catholicism, John Kennedy was criticized for inactivity during the censure hearing of Joseph McCarthy.



As always, the experts forgot something important. This time they forgot that during the campaign, the political views are not so important. Kentucky’s senator Mitch McConnell said that «issues, unfortunately, usually are kind of peripheral to winning a campaign». The same senator said to the students what built a political party. He’d written on the blackboard three words: «Money, money, money»[1].

According with the McConnell words, the form takes precedence over the substance (most of the times). Hubert Humphrey comes to a farming community, visits the high school and talks about the farm subsidies legislation (which he had cosponsored). John Kennedy visits the grand ballroom of some fancy hotel and after the fanfares talks about some bill (probably nonexistent), which deals with the export of wheat to the socialistic countries.



The film also illustrates the birth of TV as a crucial tool for the campaigning. The fourth book of Robert Caro’s anthology on LBJ has a special chapter on JFK called «The Rich Man’s Son». This chapter also points out the tactics of JFK. Very early, John Kennedy understood that the Senate is not the best starting ground for the presidential campaign. This assumption was based on a fact, that every Aey or Nay for any bill would make new political opponents.

Instead of legislating, John Kennedy starts building his media image. The 1950s America is charmed by young senator, everybody talks about his beautiful wife, John Kennedy becomes a popular guest on famous TV shows. The electorate of Wisconsin also charmed by the TV image of John Kennedy; Hubert Humphrey’s real struggle on their behalf leave them cold.



The 1960 Wisconsin primary election as the 2016 general election campaign shows a clash between different styles of political campaign. Of course, compared with Trump, JFK was a progressive visionary. Nevertheless, a time bomb, which allowed Trump’s victory was armed in 1960.

If you miss the civilized political campaigning process, then watch this film. After watching, I recommend you to read «The Years of Lyndon Johnson» (Robert A. Caro).